added perennials and green biorefining in compile_cost_assumptions.py by BertoGBG · Pull Request #255 · PyPSA/technology-data

BertoGBG · 2026-01-27T15:26:53Z

Closes # (if applicable).

Changes proposed in this Pull Request

This PR added the technology perennials and green biorefining as "perennials gbr". The technology produces additional biogas from perennial crops.
the changes are implemented in compile_cost_assumptions.py via the function add_perennials_gbr (which is structured similarly to add_carbon_capture)

Checklist

[Y ] Code changes are sufficiently documented; i.e. new functions contain docstrings and further explanations may be given in doc.
[ Y] Data source for new technologies is clearly stated.
Newly introduced dependencies are added to environment.yaml (if applicable).
A note for the release notes doc/release_notes.rst of the upcoming release is included.
[Y ] I consent to the release of this PR's code under the GPLv3 license.

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

fneum · 2026-02-04T09:01:44Z

+perennials gbr,VOM,43.2317,EUR/tDM,https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8,Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from protein concentrate; incl. wages/maintenance/aux costs (R1),2015.0,,
+perennials gbr,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/tDM,https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8,,2015.0,,
+perennials gbr,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/tDM,https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8,,2015.0,,
+perennials gbr,investment,1371509.7864,EUR/tDM/h,https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8,Includes GBR plant and scaled biogas plant without upgrading,2015.0,,


Could you add a little more detail in the commentary how the concrete value for the investment was obtained from the paper? Thanks!

I added comments about the investments and VOM (mostly the reference table), the code/function with in compile_cost_assumptions.py contains direct reference to the tables in the source ( and the link to the course as a comment) so that the calculations are traceable.

euronion · 2026-05-06T15:03:47Z

Hej @BertoGBG , is the PR ready for another round of review?

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

BertoGBG · 2026-06-15T16:01:49Z

The PR was just rebased and it is ready for review.

Heads up: CI on master itself is currently failing — test_get_sheet_location, test_get_data_from_dea, and test_add_carbon_capture fail on a clean master checkout (KeyError: ('cement capture', 'Variable O&M')).
My rebased PR inherits this, so their CI failure isn't from my changes — the snakemake build and output
regeneration pass. They should go green once master's tests are fixed.

…ituted by perennials

Matches the corresponding rename on pypsa-eur's perennialisation_PR branch (costs.at["perennials refining", ...] lookups). Renamed the identifier, the function add_perennials_gbr -> add_perennials_refining, its docstring, and the "Upcoming Release" note for this PR (PyPSA#255). Left the "GBR" abbreviation for "green biorefining" untouched elsewhere (docstring summary, comments) since that's legitimate domain terminology describing the process, not the technology's registry name. Regenerated outputs/costs_*.csv and outputs/US/costs_*.csv via `snakemake -f compile_cost_assumptions[_usa]` per this repo's workflow rule (never hand-edit outputs). Diff is exactly the renamed rows, no other values changed. Full test suite (52 tests) and ruff both pass clean on this branch. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Mh2EaBSg63Gsi4epA1Rmky

BertoGBG · 2026-08-20T12:35:57Z

I changed the perennials names in the output csv from "perennials gbr" to "perennials refining", to match the PR on perennialisation on pypsa-eur.
ready for another round of review @fneum @euronion

euronion

I don't have access to the publication so I couldn't check the data coming from the paper. Some small comments to be addressed still.

euronion · 2026-08-20T16:19:33Z

+ethanol from wheat,efficiency,2020,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,2020,"JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93","assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%)"
+ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,2020,0.07777,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,2020,"JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133","assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet)"
+biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,2020,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,2020,"JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159","calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063)"


Are you interested in the other process inputs from the JRC document, e.g. electricity or steam input?

euronion · 2026-08-20T16:20:56Z

+
+    # --- Write to dataframe (match repo conventions) ---
+    new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "investment"), years] = investment
+    new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "investment"), "unit"] = "EUR/(tDM h)"


Suggested change

new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "investment"), "unit"] = "EUR/(tDM h)"

new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "investment"), "unit"] = "EUR/(t_DM*h)"

euronion · 2026-08-20T16:21:03Z

+    new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "FOM"), "currency_year"] = 2020
+
+    new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "VOM"), years] = VOM
+    new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "VOM"), "unit"] = "EUR/tDM"


Suggested change

new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "VOM"), "unit"] = "EUR/tDM"

new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "VOM"), "unit"] = "EUR/t_DM"

euronion · 2026-08-20T16:30:49Z

+    tech_name = "perennials refining"
+
+    # References (store also in "source" below)
+    source_r1 = "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8"


Suggested change

source_r1 = "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8"

source_r1 = "Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8"

Gives a clearer understanding what the source is in case someone can't infer from the doi

euronion · 2026-08-20T16:31:47Z

+        electricity_input_flow / perennials_input_flow
+    )
+    new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "electricity-input"), "unit"] = (
+        "MWh/tDM"  # verify!


Has this been verified?

Suggested change

"MWh/tDM" # verify!

"MWh/t_DM" # verify!

euronion · 2026-08-20T16:33:51Z

+
+    # Per-variable descriptions (optional but often nice)
+    new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "investment"), "further description"] = (
+        "DM (Dry Matter or perennial crops). The investment includes green biorefinery plant and a scaleup in capacity for biogas plant without upgrading, Table 4"


Can you add the explanation what 'DM' stands for to the further_description of all other entries that use 'DM' in their unit as well? I don't think that people will know without the comment what 'DM' stands for.

euronion · 2026-08-20T16:34:48Z

+    )
+
+    # Own assumption
+    FOM = 0  # %/year


Is this realistic? Or would a generic guesstimate of e.g. 2%/year like for many other chemistry-related plants be reasonable?

euronion · 2026-08-20T16:38:12Z

+    # --- Mass & energy balance assumptions (R1) ---
+    DM_perennials = 0.18  # dry matter content (t_DM / t_wet)
+    ch4_mass_fraction_in_biogas = (
+        0.348  # mass fraction CH4 in biogas (check definition in R1)
+    )
+    flh_y = 4200  # full-load hours per year (green crops harvest May–Oct)
+
+    perennials_input_flow = 40 * DM_perennials  # t_DM/h
+    perennials_input_annual = perennials_input_flow * flh_y  # t_DM/y
+
+    protein_output_flow = 1.4  # t_DM/h (protein concentrate on DM basis)
+    protein_output_annual = protein_output_flow * flh_y  # t_DM/y
+
+    # (t_biogas / t_DM) * (mass fraction CH4) * (MWh/t_CH4)
+    biogas_output_flow = (
+        0.29 * ch4_mass_fraction_in_biogas * LHV_ch4
+    )  # MWh/h (per t_DM/h basis)
+
+    # electricity input
+    electricity_input_flow = 7.33 / 100 * perennials_input_flow


You make some assumptions here that I think would be good to have in the further_description or as their own row entries, such that people can understand the values in their context needing to look through the code. Would you agree? If yes, please add some more detail. If no we can also merge without.

euronion · 2026-08-20T16:38:42Z

+    new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "biogas-output"), years] = (
+        biogas_output_flow / perennials_input_flow
+    )
+    new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "biogas-output"), "unit"] = "MWh/tDM"


Suggested change

new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "biogas-output"), "unit"] = "MWh/tDM"

new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "biogas-output"), "unit"] = "MWh/t_DM"

BertoGBG and others added 2 commits January 27, 2026 16:22

added perennials and green biorefining in compile_cost_assumptions.py

275bc38

[pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

7dc71f5

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fneum requested changes Feb 4, 2026

View reviewed changes

comments on perennials cost assumtions

80b11cf

martavp mentioned this pull request Apr 9, 2026

Adding spatially resolved CO2 removal by perennialization PyPSA/pypsa-eur#2143

Open

BertoGBG added 3 commits April 27, 2026 15:07

base to merge with latest version of upsream repo

f4994c6

release note

30f564f

release note

9f592bd

BertoGBG and others added 3 commits June 15, 2026 17:55

Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into perennialization_PR

60e11f1

Regenerate outputs after merging master into perennialization_PR

950bd0a

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Move perennials release note to Upcoming Release section

fbe832b

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

BertoGBG requested a review from fneum June 15, 2026 16:01

BertoGBG and others added 4 commits June 23, 2026 18:14

added biofuels production efficiencies for all 1st gen biofuels subst…

410d364

…ituted by perennials

merged with latest version and fixed conflict on release notes

e1e38d7

typo in manual input for 1G biofues conversin processes

0313ec9

BertoGBG mentioned this pull request Aug 20, 2026

add Perennialisation as Carbon Dioxide Removal Technology and Biogas producer PyPSA/pypsa-eur#2274

Open

Merge branch 'master' into pr/BertoGBG/255

956ff01

euronion requested changes Aug 20, 2026

View reviewed changes

Update docs/release_notes.rst

85c2f57

	new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "investment"), "unit"] = "EUR/(tDM h)"
	new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "investment"), "unit"] = "EUR/(t_DM*h)"

	source_r1 = "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8"
	source_r1 = "Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8"

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BertoGBG commented Jan 27, 2026

Changes proposed in this Pull Request

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euronion commented May 6, 2026

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BertoGBG commented Jun 15, 2026

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BertoGBG commented Aug 20, 2026 •

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