fix: parenthesize multiple exception types and add future annotations

[aoright]

Summary

• Parenthesizes multiple exception types in except clauses across 12 files to resolve Python 3 SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized.
• Adds from __future__ import annotations in maths/matrix_exponentiation.py to fix NameError: name 'Matrix' is not defined during type evaluation.

Key Changes

1. Parenthesized comma-separated exception types in except (E1, E2): syntax across maths/, project_euler/, dynamic_programming/, divide_and_conquer/, digital_image_processing/, and web_programming/.
2. Added from __future__ import annotations in maths/matrix_exponentiation.py.

Validation

• ruff check . -> All checks passed!
• pytest --doctest-modules -> All tests passed!

[algorithms-keeper]

Closing this pull request as invalid

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[cclauss]

Why does everyone hallucinate that this is Python 3 syntax?!? It is NOT!!

Parenthesized comma-separated exception types in except (E1, E2): syntax